MARK FRUIN

Research Specialization

•   Firm and network organization-based strategies; global network systems.
•   Resource-based strategy; converting resources into capabilities and competencies and moving them across organizational, institutional, and national boundaries.
•   Comparative research on innovation and technology transfer, focusing on firms and groups of firms in Japan, China, the U.S. and the Pacific Rim.
•   Strategy and structure of emerging American, Japanese and Chinese firms.

Professional Service (Recent and Current)

•   Board of Advisors, Energy Voyager, Santa Barbara, Ca, 2007-
•   Editorial Board, Journal of Asia Business Studies, University of San Francisco, 2005-
•   Editorial Board, Business History Review, Harvard Business School, 1987-2007
•   Board Member, CCS, Inc., a top 100 software firm & member of the Japan Energy Group of companies, 1998-2003
•   Board Member, CCS, Inc., a top 100 software firm & member of the Japan Energy Group of companies, 1998-2003
•   Board Member, Logos Network, a California-based, internet training firm, 1998-2000
•   Director of Research, The Enterprise Network of Silicon Valley, 2002-03
•   Advisory Board, Asia Pacific Business Review, Cardiff Business School, 1995-2002
•   Advisory Board, International Institute of Economic Studies, Tokyo, Japan, 1992-2000
•   International Faculty Member, CSU East Bay Executive MBA, Singapore, 2000-2003

Past Service

•   Founder of Canada-Asia Pacific Research Initiatives (CAPRI), a public policy program of the Institute of Asian Research, University of British Columbia
•   Hong Kong Bank of Canada Endowed Professor, 1992-97, Faculty of Commerce, UBC
•   Director, Institute of Asian Research, 1992-95, UBC
•   Academic Advisor, Manufacturing Studies Board, Japanese Technology and Manufacturing Research Project, National Research Council, 1992-94
•   Conference Chair, Association for Japanese Business Studies, 1994
•   Chair, Japan Track, CIBER, 1991-93, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA
•   Assistant Vice President for Research, 1985-87, Associate Dean of Academic Planning, 1977-79, Chair, East Asia Studies Committee, 1973-79, CSU East Bay (Hayward)
•   Senator, Academic Senate, CSU East Bay (Hayward), 1978-79
•   Outside Expert, Fulbright-Hays Dissertation & Faculty Research Grants, DOE, 1985-87
•   Contributing Editor, InfoWorld & Micronews, microcomputer journals, 1981-83

Personal

•   Private pilot and Master Scuba Diver; father of two married sons, 38 and 33.

Education

Stanford University Ph.D., 1973	Modern History of China and Japan; dissertation on migration for work in 19th century Japan
Stanford University M.A., 1968	East Asian Regional Studies with advanced study of Japanese and Chinese languages
University of Tokyo 1966-67	Japanese Ministry of Education Fellow Masters Degree candidate, Modern History of Japan
Stanford University B.A., 1965	History major with minors in Philosophy and Japanese language studies.

Languages

•   Japanese-Speaking and Reading Excellent
•   French-Speaking and reading fair-to-poor
•   Chinese-Speaking and reading fair-to-poor

Academic Experience

San Jose State University	1999	Professor of Strategy (tenure)
San Jose State University	1998-1999	Visiting Professor of Strategy
University of Tokyo	1966-67	Japanese Ministry of Education Fellow Masters Degree candidate, Modern History of Japan
Monterey Institute of International Studies	2001-2003	Visiting & Adjunct Professor, International Organizational Behavior & Global Strategy
University of Michigan	1996-98	Visiting Professor, Corporate Strategy; Fellow, Institute of International Studies/Davidson Inst.
University of British Columbia	1992-97	Hong Kong Bank of Canada Professor (tenured from 1992)
Keio University	Spring 1993-2006	Visiting Professor, Business Administration
University of California,Los Angeles	1991-92	Visiting Professor, Policy & Organization,Anderson Graduate School of Management
INSEAD	1988-92	Professor of Strategy (tenured 1989) Euro-Asia Centre faculty member
California State University East Bay (Hayward)	1972-88	Assistant, Associate & Full Professor, History Department
Osaka University	1984-85	Visiting Professor, Department of Economics.
National University Singapore	1982-83	Professor of Economic History, Department of Japanese Studies
Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration	1979-81	Postdoctoral Fellow and Senior Research Associate (worked with Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.)
University of British Columbia	1970-71	Lecturer, Department of Asian Studies

Grants & Awards

2007	Lucas Graduate School of Business Travel Stipend
2006	Lucas Graduate School of Business Research Fellowship
2005	US-Israel Science & Technology Grant, unable to accept
2000-2001	University Research Award, San Jose State University
1998-99	Abe Fellow, Social Science Research Council (USA)
1997-98	William Davidson Institute Award, Univ. of Michigan
1994-96	SSHRC (Canada) Award with Dr. Masao Nakamura
Summer, 1996	Fellow International Institute of Economic Studies, Tokyo
1990-91	Fulbright Fellow and SSRC Council Awards
1986-88	The National Endowment for the Humanities Award
1987-88	U.S.-Japan Friendship Commission, Media Award
1983-84	The Toyota Foundation, National Grants Award
1981-82	Social Science Research Council, Research Fellow
1979-80	Newcomen Fellow, Harvard Graduate School of Business
1979-80	American Philosophical Society, Research Award
1978-79	Co-Investigator, Japan Foundation, Institutional Grant
1977 Summer	National Endowment for the Humanities, UC Berkeley
1976-77	Japan Foundation, Economics, Hitotsubashi University
1974 Summer	Northeast Asia Regional Council, Assoc. for Asian Studies
1971-72	Fulbright-Hays Research Fellow, Keio University, Tokyo

Recent Professional Activities

Presentation	Plenary Panel on the Legacy of Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., “The Questions He Asked & Their Contributions to the Questions We Ask,” Academy of Management, Anaheim, California, August 11, 2008.
Presentation	“New Thinking on Corporate Governance: Organizational and Institutional Synchronization, Innovation, and Development,” 4th International Symposium on Corporate Governance, Nov. 3, 2007, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R.C.
Presentation	“Environmental Sustainability and Economic Development,” Organization and Management Research Seminar, COB, Dec. 1, 2006.
Keynote Speaker	“Environmental Sustainability and China’s Economic Development: Energy-Efficient and Environment-Friendly Technology Transfer from Japan to China,” International Conference on Business and Technology Transfer, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Meiji University, Dec. 9-11, 2006
Keynote Speaker	“Competition, Cooperation, and the Future of Business: The Asian Development Model, Environmental Sustainability, and China,” 80th Meeting of The Japanese Society of Business Administration (equivalent to U.S. Academy of Management), Tokyo, Sept. 6, 2006.
Invited Speaker	“Silicon Valley 2005,” in Japanese; Institute of International Relations Alumni of Keio University, Tokyo, July 2, 2005.
Invited Speaker	“Business Groups and Interfirm Networks,” Rock Center for Entre-preneurship, Harvard Business School, Nov. 29, 2004.
Invited Speaker	“Competitive Advantage: Theory and Practice,” paper given to Global Technology Scholars, Engineering College, SJSU, 4/16/04
Keynote Speaker	“Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Silicon Valley: 2003,” New Business Conference, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, September 5, 2003; also presented to the MBA graduate students of Nankai University, Tianjin, China, on September 9, 2003.
Speaker	“Technology Management in Japan,” First International Conference on Business and Technology Transfer, Japan Society of Engineers, October 21, 2002, Kyoto, Japan.
Speaker	“Evolving High-Tech Services in Silicon Valley: From memory, microcomputer logic chips & operating system design to full-function R&D, system design, production, and financial services,” Business History Conference, Miami, Florida, April 21, 2001.
Visiting Professor	“The New Economy and Corporate Strategy,” Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Spring semester, 2000, 2001, and 2002.
Keynote speaker	“Japanese Firms in Comparison with European & American Firms in terms of Internationalization,” London, UK Society Of Business Historians,” June 29-July 1, 2000.
Invited speaker	“Synchronicity and Multiplicity in Time-based Production Strategies,” Manufacturing Studies Board, SJSU, Feb 18, 2000.
Panel moderator	“Japan and the Post-bubble Economy,” Academy of Inter-National Business, Charleston, S.C., Oct. 10-12, 1999.
Invited speaker	“Network Organization and the Pacific Rim,” National Humanities Center, Research Triange, April 10, 1999.
Organizer & presenter	“Context, Culture & International Knowledge Transfers,” AIB, Vienna, Oct. 9-11, 1998.
Presenter	“Team-based Knowledge Creating Activities,” Tacit Know-Ledge & Organizational Capabilities panel, Academy of Management, San Diego, Ca., Aug. 7-10, 1998.
Presenter	“Double Time/Double Bind: The Time Value of Knowledge And Organizational Campaigning,” Corporate Strategy Seminar, Univ. of Michigan Business School, Jan. 30, 1998.

Refereed Publications

Books

•   Knowledge Works – Managing Intellectual Capital at Toshiba . Oxford University Press, 1997. Spanish language edition, 2001
•   The Japanese Enterprise System – Competitive Strategies and Cooperative Structures. OUP, 1992.   Paperback edition, 1994.
•   Kikkoman – Company, Clan, and Community. Harvard University Press, 1983.

Publications submitted & not yet published

•   “Globalization and Alfred D. Chandler’s Modern (American) Firm,” prepared for a special issue of The Journal of Management History to appear in the Spring or Summer 2010.

Edited Books

•   Remade in America – Transplanting and Transforming Japanese Production Systems.
  Oxford University Press, 1999, with Jeffrey Liker and Paul Adler. Japanese language edition, 2005.
•   Networks, Markets, and the Pacific Rim – Studies in Strategy .   Oxford University Press, 1998.
•   Civilization and Modern Economic Organization in Japan. Senri: National Museum of Ethnology, 1990, with Nobuyuki Hata and Tadao Umesao.
•   Chapters in Books & Conference Proceedings (**in Japanese)
•   “Environmental Sustainability and Economic Development: Valuing Intellectual Property, Making Markets, and Transferring Energy Efficient Manufacturing Technologies from Japan to China,” The 3rd International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer (ICBTT 2006), No. 06-206, ISSN-1347-8834.
•   “Democratization and Industrialization” from Kikkoman: Company, Clan, and Community (1983), Chapter 8, reprinted in Entrepreneurship and Global Capitalism, Geoffrey Jones and Daniel Wadhwani, eds., Camberley: Edward Elgard, 2007.
•   “Business Groups and Interfirm Networks,” chapter in The Oxford Handbook of Business History , Geoff Jones and Jonathan Zeitlin, eds., Oxford University Press, 2008.
•   “Technology Transfer When Management and Organization Matter,” First International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer, 2002, Tokyo: Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1-11.
•   “Remade in America: Transplantation or Transformation?” introduction to Remade in America , with Jeffrey Liker and Paul Adler, Oxford University Press, 1999.
•   “Recontextualization and Factory-to-Factory Knowledge Transfer from Japan to the U.S.: The Case of NSK,” with Jeffrey Liker and M.Y. Brannen in Remade in America , OUP, 1999.
•   “Site-specific Organizational Learning and International Technology Transfer,” in Remade in America , OUP, 1999.
•   “Analyzing Pacific Rim Networks and Markets: An Introduction,” in Networks, Markets, and the Pacific Rim , OUP, 1998.
•   “Governance, Managed Competition, and Network Organization at a Toshiba Factory,” in Networks, Markets, and the Pacific Rim , OUP, 1998.
•   “Manufacturing Knowledge in Japan: Organizational Campaigning & the Time Value of Know- ledge,” in Cognition, Knowledge & Organization, R. Garud & J. Porac. eds., JAI Press, 1998.
•   “Production Management in Internationalen Wettbewerb,” Conference Proceedings, Garmisch, Germany, Sept. 21-22, 1998.
•   “Learning to Work Together: Adaptation and the Japanese Firm,” Masahiro Shimotani and Takao Shiga, eds., Beyond the Firm, Oxford University Press, 1997.
•   “Learning from Asia: Adaptive System Strategies and their Global Implications,” in Design for the Next Millennium, Eleanor Laquain, ed., University of British Columbia, 1996.
•   “Competing in the Old Fashioned Way: Localizing and Integrating Knowledge Resources in Fast-to-Market Competition,” in J. Liker, J. Ettlie, and J. Campbell, eds., Engineered in Japan (winner 1995 Shingo Award), OUP, 1995.
•   “Cultural Relativity and the Study of Japanese Management,” in Learning from Japan: Improving Knowledge of Japanese Technology Management Practices , National Research Council, Washington, D. C., 1994.
•   “NAFTA and Japanese Investment,” with David Edgington in Foreign Investment and North American Free Trade, Alan Rugman, ed., Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1994.
•   “Supplying the Toyota Production System: Intercorporate Organizational Evolution and Supplier Subsystems,” with Toshihiro Nishiguchi in Country Competitiveness, Bruce Kogut, ed., Oxford University Press, 1993.
•   *”Kyodo Soshiki to Kyoso Senryaku – Nihon Kigyo no Honshitsu (Cooperative Structures and Competitive Strategies – The Essence of Japanese Enterprise)”, in Sekai no Naka no Nihonjin (The Japanese in Today`s World), Kansai University Symposium, Kansai Kozaido, 1990.
•   “Instead of Management: Internal Contracting and the Genesis of Modern Labor Relations in Japan,” in Japanese Management in Historical Perspective, Tsunehiko Yui, ed., University of Tokyo Press, 1989.
•   *”Joho Shakai no Naka no Shakai Kozo (The Structure of Society in the Information Age)”, in R. Shoichi, I. Nakatani, K. Ueda, and Y. Ono, eds., Osaka University, Institute for Economic Research, Annual Yearbook, April 1985.
•   “The Taste of Success: Democratization and Internationalization of Kikkoman,” in H. Mannari and H. Befu, eds., The Challenge of Japan`s Internationalization, Tokyo: Kodansha Internl, 1983.

Journal Articles

“Bringing the world (back) into international business,” Commentary, Journal of International Business Studies, 38-2, April 2007. (invited by Editor-in-Chief of JIBS)

“Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Cooperation between Firms & Property Rights in Japan,” in J. Reppy, ed., Secrecy and Knowledge Production , Peace Studies Program, Cornell University, Occasional Paper #22, Ithaca, N.Y.: October 1999.

“Cultural Alienation in Today's Multinational Work Arenas: Behavioral Fallout from Globilization,” in Practicing Anthropologist , 21-4, 1998, with M.Y. Brannen.

“Smart Cards and Product Development Strategies in the Electronics Industry in Japan,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management , 45-3 (Aug. `98).

“Top Down Production Management: New Trend in the Japanese Productivity-enhancement Movement,” Journal of Management & Decision Sciences , Vol. 18, 1997, with M. Nakamura.

“Prospects for Cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region: The A-CASH Hypothesis,” Asian Survey , 35-9, Sept. 1995.

“The Toyota Production System – Its Organizational Definition in Japan,” Keizai Kenkyu ( Economic Research ), 42-1, Winter 1991, with T. Nishiguchi.

**”The 200 Largest Industrial Enterprises in Japanese Business History,” Keiei Shigaku ( Business History ), 18-1, Summer 1984, with T. Yui.

“Pre-Corporate and Corporate Charity in Japan: From Philanthropy to Paternalism in the Noda Soy Sauce Industry,” Business History Review , 61-2, Summer 1982.

“The Firm as Family and the Family as Firm in Japan,” Journal of Family History , 5-4, Winter 1980, republished in Japanese in Chiho Kenkyu no Soshikaku, Tokyo, 1982.

“Peasant Migrants in the Economic Development of 19 th Century Japan,” Agricultural History , 54-2, April 1980.

*”The International Debate over Japanese-style Management: Its Meaning & a New Proposal,” Soshiki Kagaku ( Organizational Science ), 13-3, Fall 1979.

“The Japanese Company Controversy: Ideology and Organization in Historical Perspective,” The Journal of Japanese Studies, 4-2, Summer 1978.

“A Social Geography of Preindustrial Labor Migration in Japan: Tajima and Kurome Villages in the 19 th Century,” The Journal of Historical Geography, 4-2, Winter 1978.

*”The International Significance of the Meiji Restoration – The View from Overseas,” Rekishi Koron ( Historical Studies ), 3-1, January 1977.

*”The Countryside in Japan`s Early Industrialization,” Monthly Report – History of Japanese Management, October 1976.

“Sources for the Study of Population in Premodern Japan,” The Family in History Perspective, 7, Winter 1974.

“Farm Family Migration – The Case of Echizen in the 19 th Century,” Keio Economic Studies, 10, 1973.

Other Articles

“Organizational Knowledge in High Technology Environments,” Kudan Trends – Journal of the International Institute of Economic Studies , 4, Sept. 1996.

“Can Western Companies Implement Total Productivity Management?” TPM Newsletter , November 1995.

“New KID on the Block: UBC and NUS Establish New Partnership,” Asia Pacific Report, Institute of Asian Research, UBC, Fall 1994.

“Work Forms in Asia: Structure, Function, and Culture,” Asia Pacific Report , Institute of Asian Research, UBC, Spring 1994.

“Organization Design and the Institute of Asian Research,” Asia Pacific Report , Institute of Asian Research, UBC, Fall 1993.

“Research on Asia, Not Asian Research,” Asia Pacific Report , Institute of Asian Research, UBC, Spring 1993.

“The End of Area Studies Programs?” Asia Pacific Report , Institute of Asian Research, UBC, Fall 1992.

*”Cultural Diversity as a Strength of Japanese Management,” Management 21 , April 1991.

*Shingijutsu Donyu ni Gakkanteki (Optimism toward Technology Transfer and National Standards of Living)” Nihon Keizai Shimbun , Oct. 30, 1990.

*”The Japanese Development Factory,” TAM Quarterly, 5, Autumn 1986.  

*”Firm Life-Cycles in the United States and Japan: 100-Year Comparison,” Nikkei Business , 10-12, Dec. 1985.

“Shoyu from A to Z: The Beginning and the End of Soy Sauce,” The Japan Society of New York Newsletter , July 1985.

“Biotechnology in Japan: From Soy Sauce to Immunology,” Biotechnology in Japan Newsletter , 3-7, April 1985.

*”The Hidden Strength of Japanese is The Enterprise System,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun , March 16, 1985.

“Of Microcomputer Sales and Magazines in Japan,” Micronews , 42, January 1984.

“T/Maker Makes Inroads into the Japanese Market,” InfoWorld , Nov. 28, 1983.

“U.S. Leads Japan in Recreational Software,” InfoWorld , Sept. 19, 1983.

“Japan Lags Behind U.S. in Software Development,” InfoWorld , Sept. 12, 1983.

“To Beat IBM, Japan`s Makers Will Have to Act Immediately,” InfoWorld , May 23, 1983.

“The Epson Corporation – Printers & a Lot More, ” Micronews , 31 & 32, Jan.-Feb. 1983.

“Where are the Japanese?” Micronews , Dec. 30, 1982.

“Japanese Computer Makers Compete Worldwide,” Micronews , Nov. 29, 1982.

“Three Centuries of Kikkoman – Growing Pains and Organization Change I & II,” Soyfoods , August & September, 1982.

*”Japanese Spirit in Management – An Interview with the President of Kao Corporation,” Bungei Shunju , August 1982.

“Reindustrialization through Readaptation – Lessons from Japan?” The Japan Society of New York Newsletter , Feb. 1982.   Reprinted in The Asian Record , March 1982.

*”Kamigata Bunka and California Dreaming,” The Suntory Quarterly , Nov. 1981.

“Japanese Manufacturing Enterprises in the United States: How `Japanese` are They?” The Asian Record , August 1981; reprinted in Japanese in Gakujutsu Kokusai Koryo Sanko Shiryoshu , Meiji University, 54, July 1980.

*”The Appeal of the Edo Period in Japanese History: A Discussion with Mark Fruin, Akira Hayami, Thomas C. Smith, and Ronald Toby,” Shokun , 8-9, Sept. 1976; reprinted in Rekishi no Naka no Edo Jidai , Akira Hayami, ed., Tokyo, 1977.

Book Reviews

Journal of Law and Economics, Pacific Affairs, Journal of Japanese Studies, Journal of Asian Studies, Business History Review, Monumenta Nipponica, Journal of Family History, Executive Quarterly, Far Eastern Economic Review, Gulf Management Review, Sociology Review, Journal of Business History (in Japan), Japan Quarterly, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, International Journal of Technology Management.

* in Japanese