21st Century Taxation

A quick look at some of California's tax problems 

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Sample list of California tax problems

Most of these problems can be solved by fixing the tax base - they cannot be solved with a rate increase. A rate increase would make most of these problems worse.

  • High tax rates: The state sales tax rate is the 8th highest in the U.S. and there are often calls to make it even higher. The top personal tax rate is the highest among the states at 9.3% (10.3% if income exceeds $1 million) and some want it to be higher.

  • Equity and fairness often missing: The sales tax applies only to tangible goods; other consumption items such as digital goods and services are tax-free. A consumer must pay tax on a lawn mower, but not on lawn care services. Consumers pay tax on music CDs, but not on songs purchased from online stores. [more]

  • Uncollected taxes: Every year, over $1 billion of use tax owed to California and its cities goes uncollected. Most people don't even know what a use tax is (which makes it hard to pay it). Different reporting techniques could make it simpler to calculate and pay. [more]

  • Some taxes are hidden: While the law says that food (except when eaten outside of the home) is exempt from sales tax, there is sales tax included in the price because the grocery store, distributors and growers/manufacturers all pay sales tax and pass it along to buyers. [more]

  • Personal income tax is unstable: The largest source of state revenue - the personal income tax is too volatile. The state is too dependent on high income individuals continuing to earn high wages, stock options and capital gains so state revenues don't drop. [more]

  • Some tax breaks are unfair and too costly: Some tax deductions and exemptions don't make sense today or are too generous for some taxpayers (usually those with high incomes). For example, federal and state law allows for mortgage interest to be deducted on two homes and on up to $1.1 million of debt. Why should the law encourage ownership of two homes? Also, even in the Bay Area, the average home doesn't cost $1.1 million.  While the state struggles to figure out how to help those without health insurance, most individuals with employer-provided health insurance get a great tax break because the employer contribution is tax-free income (that costs California around $4 billion per year). We should look at (1) reducing these and other generous tax breaks to more reasonable amounts and (2) providing tax breaks using credits rather than deductions to make the benefits more equitable across income groups (a $100 credit provides $100 of tax relief to every taxpayer, but a $100 deduction provides $2 of benefit to a taxpayer in a 2% tax bracket and $10 to one in a 10% tax bracket). [more]

  • E-commerce issues: Most of our tax rules and systems today were not designed with the electronic-commerce model in mind. E-commerce raises tax issues not adequately addressed by existing rules and presents some possible technological simplifications for tax administration. There is not enough focus at federal and state government levels on how tax laws and systems need to be modernized to address e-commerce taxation issues. [more]

  • City and state conflicts: Cities don't share in the state income tax and are very dependent on sales tax revenues. So cities tend to want big retailers that generate sales tax (and low-wage workers who usually already have housing - they live with someone else) while the state would prefer employers with a high-paid workforce (who tend to need housing which is costly for cities to support).

Link to the blog - join the discussion - here

Link to the reports on California tax reform - here


This page last revised on August 4, 2008.                                                            Contact Annette Nellen

The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of Professor Annette Nellen.*  The contents of this page have not been reviewed or approved by San José State University.


* Annette Nellen is a professor of accounting and taxation in the College of Business at San José State University where she teaches graduate tax courses (MST).  She is also an Irvine Fellow at the New America Foundation's  California Program.